Development and Industrial Geography Practice Test

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• How does globalization interact with peripheral regions under core-periphery patterns?
• Which term best captures the aim of achieving equal opportunities in education, employment, voting, and health access for men and women?
• The portion of the economy concerned with direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, mining, fishing, and forestry, belongs to which sector?
• Which metric includes money that leaves and enters the country in its calculation?
• What is the role of globalization in shaping the geography of development and industry in the 21st century?
• What is the primary idea of industrial ecology in industrial geography?
• What are the potential environmental and social costs of SEZs?
• Which index combines income, literacy, education, and life expectancy to measure development?
• Define backward linkages and forward linkages in industrial development.
• GDP per capita is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country’s borders divided by its population. How does GNI per capita differ?
• What is the role of knowledge spillovers in industrial clustering?
• Which organization is known for coordinating oil-rich developing countries to gain greater control over their resources?
• What is an eco-industrial park and how does it relate to industrial ecology?
• What is a typical development outcome of Global Value Chains?
• What is a common feature of special economic zones (SEZs) and free trade zones (FTZs)?
• Which indicator best reflects gender parity in political participation?
• Which concept expresses the amount of money needed in one country to purchase the same goods and services in another country, after adjusting for price differences?
• Which term describes the global pattern of economic relationships that includes core and periphery areas in the world-system framework?
• A logistics practice that involves delivering parts to factories moments before they are needed
• What term describes an economic phase in which manufacturing no longer plays a dominant role?
• What are the three dimensions the Human Development Index combines?
• Name two policy instruments used to promote regional development and briefly explain their effects.
• What is outsourcing and what is offshoring in the context of globalization?
• Why is urbanization a critical focus in development geography?
• Which measure adjusts income to reflect differences in cost of living between countries, indicating how much money is needed to purchase the same goods and services?
• What is a key environmental concern associated with the Green Revolution?
• In planning industrial zones, which risk is commonly monitored for environmental and social reasons?
• Which policy approach reduces reliance on a narrow export base by expanding the set of export sectors?
• What is the informal economy and how does it differ from the formal sector?
• What is PPP-adjusted GDP per capita and why is PPP used?
• What policy is most effective in reducing vulnerability to commodity price shocks?
• In export-oriented industrialization (EOI), what policy approach is typically emphasized?
• Which term best describes a country’s heavy reliance on exporting agricultural and mineral commodities?
• What is an economic corridor and why are such corridors important for regional development?
• What does the Gini coefficient measure and what does a higher value indicate?
• A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
• Which of the following is NOT a dimension used in calculating the Human Development Index?
• Summarize Weber's least-cost location theory and its main locational factors.
• What term describes an economy that relies heavily on exports of agricultural and mineral raw materials?
• Which energy category includes a resource with a theoretically unlimited supply, such as wind?
• Which concept is the value of a product relative to the amount of labor required to make it?
• Which term describes an industry in which the final product weighs more than the inputs?
• What is central place theory and why is it relevant to industrial geography?
• The United Nations index that measures loss of achievement due to gender inequality is called what?
• Define urban primacy and describe one issue it can create in developing countries.
• How can sustainable development be advanced through industry?
• In Weber's least-cost location model, which statement best describes the role of input weights?
• What role does rural-urban migration play in shaping development trajectories?
• Which sector of the economy is primarily concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities?
• The sector of the economy that provides services rather than manufacturing or mining
• Which term describes a firm that operates research, manufacturing, and sales activities across multiple countries?
• Which term specifically highlights equal opportunities for men and women in all major life domains?
• Distinguish between port-centric logistics and hinterland-oriented logistics.
• In central place theory and industrial geography, what is a hinterland?
• Which statement best describes how energy prices influence location decisions for energy-intensive industries?
• Which statement best defines GDP per capita?
• A development strategy that advocates free markets, free trade, and minimal government intervention is called ...
• Which statement best describes Special Economic Zones, Export Processing Zones, and Free Trade Zones and their role in development policy?
• How do smart cities and digital infrastructure influence development geography?
• How does globalization affect vulnerability to shocks in development and industry?
• Which term describes a country at a relatively early stage in economic development?
• What term describes a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology?
• Ecotourism mainly emphasizes environmental conservation while supporting local communities. Which term is this?
• Which statement best describes the role of Free Trade Zones in development policy?
• A South American customs union including Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, and Uruguay that promotes free trade is known as which?
• What describes the relationship between the informal sector and formal protections?
• How do climate resilience and adaptation concerns factor into industrial location planning?
• Which metric is defined as the value of the total output of goods and services produced within a country in a given year?
• Which term best describes industries that require large amounts of energy and thus cluster near cheap, abundant power sources?
• An industry in which the final product weighs more or has greater volume than the inputs
• Which indicator would most directly measure gender parity in political spheres?
• Which term describes the central concept of a region or city that acts as a hub for high-value development and attracts additional investment?
• Which theory describes the optimal location of a manufacturing firm in relation to the cost of transportation, labor, and agglomeration?
• Which organization is tasked with administering trade rules and settling disputes among member countries?
• What term describes the quantity of a good that producers have available for sale?
• Which of the following is included in the definition of gender parity?
• Which term contrasts with commodity dependence by describing a diversified economy?
• What term refers to the provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries?
• Which organization administers the rules governing international trade among its members and helps producers, importers, and exporters conduct their business?
• What term describes the percent of people who can read and write?
• What term describes a company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries?
• Which term describes the transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less skilled workers, from more developed countries to less developed countries?
• Explain the Environmental Kuznets Curve and name one major criticism.
• The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials is called what?
• Which indicator is defined as the percentage of women in the labor force who are employed or actively seeking employment outside the home?
• A location where transfer from one mode of transportation to another is possible is called a
• Which type of industry has labor costs that make up a large share of total expenses?
• What core elements do economic corridors typically integrate?
• Which statement best describes the impact of global value chains on location decisions?
• Which statement about light industry is true?
• Zones established by many countries in the periphery and semi-periphery offering favorable tax, regulatory, and trade arrangements to attract foreign trade and investment are known as ...
• A corporation decides to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers. This practice is known as
• Distinguish between economic growth and economic development.
• Which United Nations agency promotes trade by increasing the exchange stability of major currencies when countries face economic instability?
• Which measure reflects the percentage of women in full-time work outside the home?
• Adolescent Fertility Rate is defined as births for which age group of women?
• Which governance factors reduce investment risk?
• When two regions exchange commodities to satisfy each other's demands, the concept is called ...
• Which statement best captures the core idea of modernization theory in development geography?
• How do energy prices influence location decisions for energy-intensive industries?
• The ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer describes which concept?
• Which concept describes production that uses automation and flexible processes to enable customization across markets?
• What term describes the increase in production efficiency as the quantity of goods produced increases?
• Which production system relies on automation through robots and computer systems to enable flexible, customizable manufacturing?
• Factories built by US companies in Mexico near the US border to take advantage of lower labor costs in Mexico
• Which theory classifies countries as CORE and PERIPHERY and explains their roles in the world economy?
• Which term refers to the universal set of goals, targets and indicators that UN member states are expected to use to frame their agendas and political policies over the next 15 years?
• Which factor is most likely to be shaped by rapid urbanization in developing regions?
• What term describes taxes on imported goods?
• Which economic doctrine argues for minimal government interference in the economy in favor of free markets and free trade?
• How do infrastructure and logistics influence industrial location decisions?
• What is the core-periphery model in spatial terms?
• If a country has a Gini coefficient of 0.35, what does this indicate about income inequality?
• What term refers to a concentration of high-value economic development that attracts even more economic development—a true economic magnet?
• Which economist's model advocates an International Trade Approach and outlines a five-stage model of development?
• Which statement best describes a growth pole in regional development?
• Which term is used to describe a universal set of goals and targets guiding development policy over about 15 years?
• An industry in which the final product weighs less or occupies less volume than the inputs
• What economic concept is defined as the quantity of a good that consumers are willing and able to purchase?
• Development of core regions at the expense of peripheral regions is known as
• What term describes the condition where men and women have equal opportunities in education, employment, voting and decision making, and access to health care and other resources?
• An area in which trade restrictions do not apply is called a ...
• Which term describes a country that has progressed relatively far along a development continuum?
• Which metric measures births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19?
• What is the globalization of production and how does it relate to industrial geography?
• What term describes an industry that has high energy demands so the factories are often built near major sources of cheap, abundant power?
• Which energy type is a finite supply and can be exhausted, such as coal?
• What term describes a designated area within a country where tax incentives and lenient environmental regulations are used to attract foreign investment?
• Which trade agreement among Canada, the United States and Mexico encourages free trade between these North American countries?
• Which zone type is designed to attract foreign investment by offering favorable tax and regulatory conditions, often located near ports or borders?
• Which UN index measures loss of achievement due to gender inequality, based on reproductive health, employment, and general empowerment?
• Globalization often leads core countries to aging infrastructure and a decline in secondary sector employment. What is this phenomenon called?
• Differentiate between heavy industry and light industry in industrial geography.
• Landlocked development occurs in countries without sea access. Which of the following best captures typical challenges?
• What is the core idea of dependency theory in development geography?
• What is a maquiladora and in which country are they common?
• What is the demographic dividend and under what conditions are benefits maximized?
• What term describes the spatial grouping of people or activities for mutual benefits?
• Which institution is primarily responsible for monetary cooperation and exchange rate stability among countries?
• In import-substitution industrialization, which policy instrument is commonly used to protect domestic capacity?
• Which indicator measures deaths of women from pregnancy-related causes per 100,000 live births?
• How do regional trade blocs influence industrial location decisions? Provide two examples.
• A manufacturing industry that tends to locate near its customers because the final product is heavier than the inputs
• What is land-use planning and why is it critical for sustainable industrial development?
• Which concept explains how two regions can benefit from trading a good they do not produce efficiently?
• What is the difference between a corridor and a growth pole in regional development?
• Define the global value chain and explain its development implications.
• What is the 'resource curse' and how can governance affect it?
• Which term refers to the organization that coordinates oil production and influences global oil prices?
• Which indicator measures development by combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy?
• Which term describes the spread of knowledge and technology that improves living conditions across societies?
• Explain the Green Revolution and its regional impacts.
• A country with high commodity dependence is most vulnerable to which risk?
• Which statement best captures the difference between comparative advantage and competitive advantage in regional development?
• Distinguish between SEZs, FTZs, and EPZs with one example each.
• Which statement best contrasts ISI with EOI?
• Which location factor refers to costs inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital?
• Which term describes the energy source that has finite supply, such as coal?
• The portion of the economy that focuses on extracting raw materials from Earth is which sector?
• In Weber's least-cost location model, which statement is true about input weights?
• What term describes the potential of a job to produce additional jobs?
• Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at factories moments before they are needed
• Which term describes an economy in which manufacturing is no longer the dominant activity?
• A country with heavy reliance on commodity exports is most exposed to which macroeconomic risk?
• Which specialized United Nations agency makes loans to countries for economic development and poverty reduction?
• Which strategic approach most directly reduces exposure to commodity price swings?
• Which of the following is an example of an agglomeration effect in industrial geography?
• Define industrial clustering and identify two benefits.
• How do governance and institutions influence location decisions and investment risk?
• How does climate and geography influence industrial development opportunities in developing regions?
• The practice and business of recreational travel based on environmental concern is called?
• Which model outlines five stages of development from traditional society to a high mass consumption economy?
• Which factor best expands a hinterland's market size?
• What does Gross Domestic Product measure?